Monday, November 21, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Assignment Five
Below is my link for assignment five:
http://jade.exp.sis.pitt.edu:8080/cgi-bin/koha/virtualshelves/shelves.pl
http://jade.exp.sis.pitt.edu:8080/cgi-bin/koha/virtualshelves/shelves.pl
Reading Notes - Nov. 10th
Digital Libraries: Challenges and Influential Work
- Federal programmatic support for digital library research was formulated in a series of community-based planning workshops sponsored by the National Science Foundation in 1993-1994.
- DLI-1 funded six university-led projects to develop and implement computing and networking technologies that could make large-scale electronic test collections accessible and interoperable.
- Effective search and discovery over the digital resources on the Internet remains a problematic and challenging task.
- Huge difference between providing access to discrete sets of digital collections and providing digital library services. To address this, information providers have designed enhanced gateway and navigation services on the interface side and also introduced federation mechanisms to assist users.
Dewey Meets Turing: Librarians, Computer Scientists, and the Digital Libraries Initiative.
- For computer scientists NSF's Digital Library Initiative provided a framework for exciting new work that was to be informed by the centuries-old discipline and values of librarianship.
- For librarians, the new Initiative was promising from two perspectives. The Initiative would finally be a way for much needed funds.
- Information technologies were indeed important to ensure libaries' continued impact on scholarly work.
- The embrace of the Web by computer scientists was natural because the linkage of information is a much employed concept in computer programming.
- Information accession now rests on a highly technical infrastructure, the core function of librarianship remains. Info must be organized, collated, and presented.
- Notion of collections is spontaneously re-emerging.
- Opportunities now arise for direct connections between librarians and scholarly.
Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure for Scholarship in the Digital Age
- Online storage costs have dropped significantly and repositories are now affordable.
- Some progress has been made on the standards for the underlying metadata.
- An institutional repository is a recognition that the intellectual life and scholarship of our universities will be increasingly represented, documented, and shared in digital form.
- Scholarship and scholarly communication are changing.
- Revolution in scholarly communications is not limited to the development of new generes of scholarly works that are enabled by the digital medium.
- Federal programmatic support for digital library research was formulated in a series of community-based planning workshops sponsored by the National Science Foundation in 1993-1994.
- DLI-1 funded six university-led projects to develop and implement computing and networking technologies that could make large-scale electronic test collections accessible and interoperable.
- Effective search and discovery over the digital resources on the Internet remains a problematic and challenging task.
- Huge difference between providing access to discrete sets of digital collections and providing digital library services. To address this, information providers have designed enhanced gateway and navigation services on the interface side and also introduced federation mechanisms to assist users.
Dewey Meets Turing: Librarians, Computer Scientists, and the Digital Libraries Initiative.
- For computer scientists NSF's Digital Library Initiative provided a framework for exciting new work that was to be informed by the centuries-old discipline and values of librarianship.
- For librarians, the new Initiative was promising from two perspectives. The Initiative would finally be a way for much needed funds.
- Information technologies were indeed important to ensure libaries' continued impact on scholarly work.
- The embrace of the Web by computer scientists was natural because the linkage of information is a much employed concept in computer programming.
- Information accession now rests on a highly technical infrastructure, the core function of librarianship remains. Info must be organized, collated, and presented.
- Notion of collections is spontaneously re-emerging.
- Opportunities now arise for direct connections between librarians and scholarly.
Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure for Scholarship in the Digital Age
- Online storage costs have dropped significantly and repositories are now affordable.
- Some progress has been made on the standards for the underlying metadata.
- An institutional repository is a recognition that the intellectual life and scholarship of our universities will be increasingly represented, documented, and shared in digital form.
- Scholarship and scholarly communication are changing.
- Revolution in scholarly communications is not limited to the development of new generes of scholarly works that are enabled by the digital medium.
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Muddiest point - October 27th
I'm pretty sure I understand the difference between CSS and HTML, but can you explain it just one more time?
Reading Notes 11-4
The Brighton University Resource Kit for Students
- BURKS (the Brighton University Resource Kit for Students) was a non-profit collection of useful resources for students of Computing who did not have an Internet collection.
- The project ran from 1997 to 2001 and the collection grom from 450M to 2.5G.
- Internet is a rapidly changing place.
- Collection is now nine years out of date.
Survey of XML standards: Part 1
- Namespaces in XML 1.0 provides a mechanism for universal naming elements and attributes in XML documents.
- Motivation behind XML Namespaces: You would be able to assign each a vocabulary marker. In XML namespaces, each vocabulary is called a namespace and there is a special syntax for expressing vocabulary markers.
- XML namespaces have been controversial among XML experts because they add a bit of complexity to the XML processing mode.
- XML namespaces have become almost universally accepted among XML users.
- XML Base provides a mean of associating XML elements with URIs in order to more precisely specify how relative URIs are resolved in relevant XML processing actions.
- XML Inclusions: provides a system for merging XML documents.
- XPointer defines a language that can be used to refer to fragments of an XML document.
- XML Linking Language provides a generic framework for expressing links in XML documents.
- BURKS (the Brighton University Resource Kit for Students) was a non-profit collection of useful resources for students of Computing who did not have an Internet collection.
- The project ran from 1997 to 2001 and the collection grom from 450M to 2.5G.
- Internet is a rapidly changing place.
- Collection is now nine years out of date.
Survey of XML standards: Part 1
- Namespaces in XML 1.0 provides a mechanism for universal naming elements and attributes in XML documents.
- Motivation behind XML Namespaces: You would be able to assign each a vocabulary marker. In XML namespaces, each vocabulary is called a namespace and there is a special syntax for expressing vocabulary markers.
- XML namespaces have been controversial among XML experts because they add a bit of complexity to the XML processing mode.
- XML namespaces have become almost universally accepted among XML users.
- XML Base provides a mean of associating XML elements with URIs in order to more precisely specify how relative URIs are resolved in relevant XML processing actions.
- XML Inclusions: provides a system for merging XML documents.
- XPointer defines a language that can be used to refer to fragments of an XML document.
- XML Linking Language provides a generic framework for expressing links in XML documents.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Reading Notes 10-27
Chapter 2: CSS
- HTML elements enable Web page designers to mark up a document as to its structure.
- Two ways to create CSSs: Use a normal text editor and write the style sheets by hand or you can use a dedicated tool.
- A rule is a statement about one stylistic aspect of one or more elements.
- A style sheet is a set of one or more rules that apply to an HTML document.
- A rule consists of two parts: Selector - the part before the left curly brace. Declaration - the part within the curly braces.
- Declaration has two parts separated by a colon: Property - the part before the colon. Value - the part after the colon.
- Brevity was a goal in designing CSS.
- All declarations must be contained within the pair of curly braces.
- The style sheet and the HTML document must be combined so that they can work together to present the document.
- You can glue the style sheet and the HTML document together by putting the style sheet inside a style element at the top of your document.
- The style element is placed after the title element and before the body element.
- For CSS to work, you must use a browser that supports CSS.
CSS Tutorial - Starting with HTML & CSS
- For your first style sheet use a program like TextEdit.
- Don't use a wordprocessor - typically makes files that a Web browser cannot read.
- "Simple files is good, since it makes it easier to use the same style sheet for multiple HTML files: you only have to write the style sheet once."
- List at the top of the HTML page is meant to become a navigation menu.
- HTML elements enable Web page designers to mark up a document as to its structure.
- Two ways to create CSSs: Use a normal text editor and write the style sheets by hand or you can use a dedicated tool.
- A rule is a statement about one stylistic aspect of one or more elements.
- A style sheet is a set of one or more rules that apply to an HTML document.
- A rule consists of two parts: Selector - the part before the left curly brace. Declaration - the part within the curly braces.
- Declaration has two parts separated by a colon: Property - the part before the colon. Value - the part after the colon.
- Brevity was a goal in designing CSS.
- All declarations must be contained within the pair of curly braces.
- The style sheet and the HTML document must be combined so that they can work together to present the document.
- You can glue the style sheet and the HTML document together by putting the style sheet inside a style element at the top of your document.
- The style element is placed after the title element and before the body element.
- For CSS to work, you must use a browser that supports CSS.
CSS Tutorial - Starting with HTML & CSS
- For your first style sheet use a program like TextEdit.
- Don't use a wordprocessor - typically makes files that a Web browser cannot read.
- "Simple files is good, since it makes it easier to use the same style sheet for multiple HTML files: you only have to write the style sheet once."
- List at the top of the HTML page is meant to become a navigation menu.
Assignment Four
Below is the link to my Citeulike page. The two topics I chose were newspaper libraries and intellectual property. I added citeulike in the tags to identify which ones I found through the cite.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/pamrichter
http://www.citeulike.org/user/pamrichter
Thursday, October 13, 2011
Muddiest point - October 13th
Are there any projects in place like the Internet Archive? Is there any competition to this site or has this site proved to be the best one for archiving Internet content?
Reading Notes October 20th
"Beyond HTML: Developing and re-imaging library web guides in a content management system"
- Content management can be defined as the process of collecting, managing and publishing content.
- In a CMS, the content is disconnected from the layout and design elements of the page.
- Allows librarians to focus on identifying, creating, annotating and selecting the content itself as opposed to exploring HTML format.
- In CMS, the content can be repurposed or repackaged.
- A CMS can allow more content creators to have direct editorial access to their assigned areas or components of a web site.
- Tagging content is an important feature of the CMS because it allows librarians to work in the same system and allows them to repackage it in ways that are most meaningful to the users.
- Reusing and repurposing is a benefit of using a CMS. Librarians have the ability to add a resource item once, and then reuse that item in many research or course goals.
- Study in article about Georgia Southern University found that the move to a CMS has been a positive experience and an overall success.
- In part because of the collaboration between the web development personnel and the liaison librarians.
- The CMS makes up the vast majority of GSU library's web site infrastructure.
HTML Cheatsheet Guide
- This is an extremely helpful resource. It helps simplify HTML code a little bit for me.
- Content management can be defined as the process of collecting, managing and publishing content.
- In a CMS, the content is disconnected from the layout and design elements of the page.
- Allows librarians to focus on identifying, creating, annotating and selecting the content itself as opposed to exploring HTML format.
- In CMS, the content can be repurposed or repackaged.
- A CMS can allow more content creators to have direct editorial access to their assigned areas or components of a web site.
- Tagging content is an important feature of the CMS because it allows librarians to work in the same system and allows them to repackage it in ways that are most meaningful to the users.
- Reusing and repurposing is a benefit of using a CMS. Librarians have the ability to add a resource item once, and then reuse that item in many research or course goals.
- Study in article about Georgia Southern University found that the move to a CMS has been a positive experience and an overall success.
- In part because of the collaboration between the web development personnel and the liaison librarians.
- The CMS makes up the vast majority of GSU library's web site infrastructure.
HTML Cheatsheet Guide
- This is an extremely helpful resource. It helps simplify HTML code a little bit for me.
Thursday, October 6, 2011
Muddiest point - October 6th
This is more in relation to the readings than what we talked about in class, but can you further explain the concept of "dismantling LIS systems," and similar themes discussed in that article?
October 13th Reading Notes
"How stuff works"
- Nobody really owns the Internet. It is a collection of networks.
- Grown from four host computer systems to millions.
- When you connect to your ISP, you become part of their network. The ISP may then connect to a larger network.
- Point of Presence: a place for local users to access the company's network.
- The routers determine where to send information from one computer to another.
- Routers are specialized computers that send your messages.
- Two jobs of routers: 1. Ensures that information doesn't go where it's not needed. 2. It makes sure that information does make it to the intended destination.
- National Science Foundation created the first high-speed backbone in 1987 called NSFNET.
- Backbones are fiber optic trunk line and has multiple lines to increase the capacity.
- IP Address: Internet Protocol, which is the language that computers use to communicate over the Internet.
- Four numbers in an IP address called octets.
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Dismantling Integrated Library Systems
- "GIS has been successful in offering public libraries tightly integrated core functionality in its Polaris product."
- Automation vendors have their own motivations: new revenue streams.
- ILS maintenance fees are relatively cheap.
- Library vendors have two choices. 1. They can continue to maintain large systems that use proprietary methods of interoperability and promise tight integration fo services for their customers. 2. They can choose to dismantle their modules in such a way that librarians can reintegrate their systems through web services and standards.
- May be necessary for librarians and vendors to dismantle the ILS in order to rebuild it.
- Nobody really owns the Internet. It is a collection of networks.
- Grown from four host computer systems to millions.
- When you connect to your ISP, you become part of their network. The ISP may then connect to a larger network.
- Point of Presence: a place for local users to access the company's network.
- The routers determine where to send information from one computer to another.
- Routers are specialized computers that send your messages.
- Two jobs of routers: 1. Ensures that information doesn't go where it's not needed. 2. It makes sure that information does make it to the intended destination.
- National Science Foundation created the first high-speed backbone in 1987 called NSFNET.
- Backbones are fiber optic trunk line and has multiple lines to increase the capacity.
- IP Address: Internet Protocol, which is the language that computers use to communicate over the Internet.
- Four numbers in an IP address called octets.
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Dismantling Integrated Library Systems
- "GIS has been successful in offering public libraries tightly integrated core functionality in its Polaris product."
- Automation vendors have their own motivations: new revenue streams.
- ILS maintenance fees are relatively cheap.
- Library vendors have two choices. 1. They can continue to maintain large systems that use proprietary methods of interoperability and promise tight integration fo services for their customers. 2. They can choose to dismantle their modules in such a way that librarians can reintegrate their systems through web services and standards.
- May be necessary for librarians and vendors to dismantle the ILS in order to rebuild it.
Sunday, October 2, 2011
Muddiest Point - September 29th
My muddiest point for September 29th is about RFIDs. What are a few benefits of using them as opposed to bar codes?
Thursday, September 29, 2011
October 6th Reading Notes
Computer Network
- A collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communications channels that allow sharing of resources and information.
- Communication protocols define the rules and data formats for exchanging information.
- Today, computer networks are the core of modern communication.
- Computer networks can facilitate communications: Using a network people can communicate efficiently and easily.
- Communications protocol defines the formats and rules for exchanging information via a network.
- Many different types of networks including LAN, PAN.
- Networks are typically managed by organizations which own them. Depending on the owner's point of view, determines whether it is an intranet or extranet.
- Internet has no single owner and is a special case of a network.
- Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by the network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access.
Local Area Network
- Computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, or computer lab.
- Characteristics of LANs: higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.
- Increasing demand and use of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s provided the need for high-speed interconnections between computer system.
- LANs may have connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or by tunneling across the Internet via virtual private network technologies.
Management of RFID in Libraries
- Radio frequency identifier: Consists of a computer chip and an antenna, often printed on paper or some other flexible medium.
- RFID tag does not have to be visible to be read.
- Because of privacy issues some librarians aren't sure if RFIDs should be used.
- RFID systems can read multiple tags at once, allowing you to check out a stack of books with a single transaction.
- A collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communications channels that allow sharing of resources and information.
- Communication protocols define the rules and data formats for exchanging information.
- Today, computer networks are the core of modern communication.
- Computer networks can facilitate communications: Using a network people can communicate efficiently and easily.
- Communications protocol defines the formats and rules for exchanging information via a network.
- Many different types of networks including LAN, PAN.
- Networks are typically managed by organizations which own them. Depending on the owner's point of view, determines whether it is an intranet or extranet.
- Internet has no single owner and is a special case of a network.
- Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by the network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access.
Local Area Network
- Computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, or computer lab.
- Characteristics of LANs: higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.
- Increasing demand and use of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s provided the need for high-speed interconnections between computer system.
- LANs may have connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or by tunneling across the Internet via virtual private network technologies.
Management of RFID in Libraries
- Radio frequency identifier: Consists of a computer chip and an antenna, often printed on paper or some other flexible medium.
- RFID tag does not have to be visible to be read.
- Because of privacy issues some librarians aren't sure if RFIDs should be used.
- RFID systems can read multiple tags at once, allowing you to check out a stack of books with a single transaction.
Saturday, September 24, 2011
Assignment Two
Here is my link for my Jing video: http://screencast.com/t/pDFC1qu8v1Oi
It is a mini-tutorial on how to use dipity.com, a free service that allows users to make timelines online.
Below are the links to five photos on flickr.com. They were taken from dipity.com using the Jing software. The photos run through a sequencial order and have a brief description that walks through the user through a five-step process to make a timeline using dipity.com.
Photo one: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179615956/in/photostream
Photo two: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179615984/in/photostream
Photo three: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179616026/in/photostream
Photo four: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179089427/in/photostream
Photo five: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179089493/in/photostream
It is a mini-tutorial on how to use dipity.com, a free service that allows users to make timelines online.
Below are the links to five photos on flickr.com. They were taken from dipity.com using the Jing software. The photos run through a sequencial order and have a brief description that walks through the user through a five-step process to make a timeline using dipity.com.
Photo one: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179615956/in/photostream
Photo two: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179615984/in/photostream
Photo three: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179616026/in/photostream
Photo four: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179089427/in/photostream
Photo five: http://www.flickr.com/photos/67555322@N07/6179089493/in/photostream
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Muddiest point - September 22nd
What is the biggest difference between excel and access? What are the downfalls to each program?
Reading Notes 9-29
Anne J. Gilliland - Introduction to Metadata, pathways to Digital Information
- Metadata - sum of what one can say about any information object.
- Content relates to what the object contains or is about and is intrinsic to an information object.
- Context indicates the who, what, why, where and how aspects.
- Structure relates to the formal set of associations within or among individual information objects.
- An Internet resource provider might use metadata to refer to information that is encoded in HTML.
- The Dublin Core Metadata element Set identifies a relatively small, generic set of metadata elements that can be used by any community, expert, or nonexpert to describe and search across a wide variety of information resources.
- A primary function of metadata is the description and ordering of original objects or items in a repository or collection.
- Metadata does not have to be digital. Can be recorded in formats like card catalogs, vertical files, and file labels.
- Metadata allows repositories to track the many layers of rights, licensing, and reproduction information that exist for original items as well as for their related information objects and the multiple versions of those information objects.
An Overview of the Dublin Core Data Model
- Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is an international effort designed to foster consensus across disciplines for the discovery-oriented description of diverse resources in an electronic environment.
- A formalized data model is required to support the DCMI functional requirement for a modular, extensible, metatdata architecture.
- Many disciplines additionally use classification schemes, controlled vocabularies or thesauri to describe the content or resources.
EndNote X5: Introduction
- EndNote is a leading bibliographic software product on the market.
- You can use EndNote to import citations from saved literature searches.
- Metadata - sum of what one can say about any information object.
- Content relates to what the object contains or is about and is intrinsic to an information object.
- Context indicates the who, what, why, where and how aspects.
- Structure relates to the formal set of associations within or among individual information objects.
- An Internet resource provider might use metadata to refer to information that is encoded in HTML.
- The Dublin Core Metadata element Set identifies a relatively small, generic set of metadata elements that can be used by any community, expert, or nonexpert to describe and search across a wide variety of information resources.
- A primary function of metadata is the description and ordering of original objects or items in a repository or collection.
- Metadata does not have to be digital. Can be recorded in formats like card catalogs, vertical files, and file labels.
- Metadata allows repositories to track the many layers of rights, licensing, and reproduction information that exist for original items as well as for their related information objects and the multiple versions of those information objects.
An Overview of the Dublin Core Data Model
- Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is an international effort designed to foster consensus across disciplines for the discovery-oriented description of diverse resources in an electronic environment.
- A formalized data model is required to support the DCMI functional requirement for a modular, extensible, metatdata architecture.
- Many disciplines additionally use classification schemes, controlled vocabularies or thesauri to describe the content or resources.
EndNote X5: Introduction
- EndNote is a leading bibliographic software product on the market.
- You can use EndNote to import citations from saved literature searches.
Saturday, September 17, 2011
Assignment One
For Assignment One I chose to put several of my favorite photographs that I have taken online. I have always wanted to put these photos online so I would be able to share them with people and this was a good opportunity to do so.
To view the photos click here: http://www.flickr.com//photos/67555322@N07/show/
To view the photos click here: http://www.flickr.com//photos/67555322@N07/show/
Thursday, September 15, 2011
Reading Notes 9-22
Database
- An organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form.
- Refers to both the way its users view it and to the logical and physical materialization of its data, content, in files, computer memory, and computer data storage.
- The database concept has evolved since the 1960s to ease increasing difficulties in designing, building, and maintaining complex information systems.
- Relational model (1970), insisted that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links.
- This appears to be a key development in the history of databases because it gives the users a more effective way in searching for the information they want.
- A database management system is a system that allows to build and maintain databases, as well as to utilize their data and retrieve information from it. Can be categorized according to the database models that they support.
Entity relationship model
- Database modeling method used to produce a type of conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system.
- A relationship captures how two or more entities are related to one another.
- First stage of an information system designs uses to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be stored in a database.
- An entity may be defined as a thing which is recognized as being capable of an independent existence and which can be uniquely identified.
Database normalization process
- 3 normal forms: 1. No repeating elements or groups of elements. 2. No partial dependencies on a concatenated key. 3. No dependencies on non-key attributes.
- Some documents can be transformed into databases to organize information more effectively.
- This is a good example to show how information can be transformed into a database without being lost in order to provide.
- NF1 addresses two issues: 1. A row of data cannot contain repeating groups of similar data (atomicity) and 2. Each row of data must have a unique identifier (Primary Key).
- An organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form.
- Refers to both the way its users view it and to the logical and physical materialization of its data, content, in files, computer memory, and computer data storage.
- The database concept has evolved since the 1960s to ease increasing difficulties in designing, building, and maintaining complex information systems.
- Relational model (1970), insisted that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links.
- This appears to be a key development in the history of databases because it gives the users a more effective way in searching for the information they want.
- A database management system is a system that allows to build and maintain databases, as well as to utilize their data and retrieve information from it. Can be categorized according to the database models that they support.
Entity relationship model
- Database modeling method used to produce a type of conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system.
- A relationship captures how two or more entities are related to one another.
- First stage of an information system designs uses to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be stored in a database.
- An entity may be defined as a thing which is recognized as being capable of an independent existence and which can be uniquely identified.
Database normalization process
- 3 normal forms: 1. No repeating elements or groups of elements. 2. No partial dependencies on a concatenated key. 3. No dependencies on non-key attributes.
- Some documents can be transformed into databases to organize information more effectively.
- This is a good example to show how information can be transformed into a database without being lost in order to provide.
- NF1 addresses two issues: 1. A row of data cannot contain repeating groups of similar data (atomicity) and 2. Each row of data must have a unique identifier (Primary Key).
Friday, September 9, 2011
September 8th Muddiest Point
I didn't fully understand Moore's Law. Was it simply that he predicted the number of transistors we can implement increases over time? What is the significance of this?
September 15th Reading Notes
Data compression (Wikipedia)
- Process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation would use.
- Compression helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwith.
- Lossless compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy as a way to represent the sender's data more concisely without error.
- Close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression, while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction.
- Data differencing: data compression is a special case of this. Consists of producing a difference given a source and a target.
Data compression basics
- Lossless compression algorithm, called "run-length encoding."
- RLE is very simple and fast to execute.
- A typical RLE image compressor will reduce the size of an uncompressed 24-bit photograph by less than 5%.
- LZ algorithms compress data by locating and eliminating redundancy. Performance is still highly influenced by the number of colors used.
- Entropy coding is a technique that assigns codes to blocks of data in a way that the length of the code is inversely proportional to the statistical probability of that symbol.
"Imaging Pittsburgh: Creating a shared gateway to digital image collections of the Pittsburgh region"
- Focus created a single Web gateway for the public to access thousands of visual images from photographic collections held by the Archives Service Center (Univ of Pitt), Carnegie Museum of Art, and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania.
- Increases public access to significant collections of historic material documenting the growth and development of Pittsburgh.
- Challenge working with the different organizations - different missions and institutional cultures.
- Metadata is "glue that holds these collections together" but creating of metadata has been a challenge.
- Difficult to develop consistent copyright and permission statements for the site and accompanying images.
"YouTube and libraries: It could be a beautiful relationship"
- Could upload instructional videos.
- Method of introducing resources that are available on campus.
- Teach students to use databases.
- Process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation would use.
- Compression helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwith.
- Lossless compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy as a way to represent the sender's data more concisely without error.
- Close connection between machine learning and compression: a system that predicts the posterior probabilities of a sequence given its entire history can be used for optimal data compression, while an optimal compressor can be used for prediction.
- Data differencing: data compression is a special case of this. Consists of producing a difference given a source and a target.
Data compression basics
- Lossless compression algorithm, called "run-length encoding."
- RLE is very simple and fast to execute.
- A typical RLE image compressor will reduce the size of an uncompressed 24-bit photograph by less than 5%.
- LZ algorithms compress data by locating and eliminating redundancy. Performance is still highly influenced by the number of colors used.
- Entropy coding is a technique that assigns codes to blocks of data in a way that the length of the code is inversely proportional to the statistical probability of that symbol.
"Imaging Pittsburgh: Creating a shared gateway to digital image collections of the Pittsburgh region"
- Focus created a single Web gateway for the public to access thousands of visual images from photographic collections held by the Archives Service Center (Univ of Pitt), Carnegie Museum of Art, and the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania.
- Increases public access to significant collections of historic material documenting the growth and development of Pittsburgh.
- Challenge working with the different organizations - different missions and institutional cultures.
- Metadata is "glue that holds these collections together" but creating of metadata has been a challenge.
- Difficult to develop consistent copyright and permission statements for the site and accompanying images.
"YouTube and libraries: It could be a beautiful relationship"
- Could upload instructional videos.
- Method of introducing resources that are available on campus.
- Teach students to use databases.
Friday, September 2, 2011
September 8th Reading Notes
Computer Hardware
- Personal computer hardware: component devices installed into a computer case to create a personal computer which system software is installed.
- Motherboard: Main component inside the case. Components directly attached to the motherboard include: CPU, chip set, RAM, BIOS (Basic Input Output System), Internal buses, External bus controllers.
- Various removable media devices including: CD, DVD, Blu-ray, USB flash drive, etc.
- Secondary storage: Hard disk, solid-state drive, RAID array controller.
- Sound card: Enables the computer to output sound to audio devices.
Computer software
- Collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.
- Software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in storage of the computer for some purposes.
- Software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms, and its documentation.
- In contrast to hardware, software is intangible.
- Software includes all the various forms and roles that digitally stored data may have and play in a computer.
- Encompasses a wide array of products that may be developed using different techniques.
- System software: provides the basic function for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system.
- Program software: Usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs.
- Application software: Developed to aid in any task that benefits from computation. Broad category and includes many kinds of software including internet browsers.
Digitization: Is it worth it?
- Strict definition might be the conversion of analog media to digital form.
- Digitization equates to digital imaging in the library sector.
- Need to look at costs before assuming that digitization is worth it.
- Other cost factors to look at include: assembling source material, clearing copyright, setting up the machines, checking the quality of the output, post-editing, cataloging the item, delivering the time, managing the project.
- Benefits of digitizing include: increasing access, preservation, and meeting strategic goals.
- Could money spent on digitization projects be spent elsewhere?
- Determine whether digitization projects are worth it on a case by case basis.
European libraries face problems in digitalizing
- European Digital Library (80 organizations), facing problems with funding for enormous task of digitizing material.
- Looking at the benefits of alliances with larger companies like Microsoft and Google.
- Organizations willing to talk with companies, but were striving to protect themselves from public access.
A Few Thoughts on the Google Books Library Project
- "Only by transforming knowledge contained in print to new and easily accessible digital formats can we guarantee its survival."
- Unease surrounds Google's initiative to scan thousands of books in major research libraries and make them available online.
- "Google's initiative will not make books obsolete; it will make the information in them more widely available."
- Internet has made it so we expect information of all kinds to be only a few keystrokes away.
- Great divide separates digitized information and pre-Internet hardcopy material.
- Internet genration reluctant to search for things if can't find it online.
- Book will continue to be a pathway for the transmission of knowledge.
- Project will be the successful transfer of knowledge.
- Personal computer hardware: component devices installed into a computer case to create a personal computer which system software is installed.
- Motherboard: Main component inside the case. Components directly attached to the motherboard include: CPU, chip set, RAM, BIOS (Basic Input Output System), Internal buses, External bus controllers.
- Various removable media devices including: CD, DVD, Blu-ray, USB flash drive, etc.
- Secondary storage: Hard disk, solid-state drive, RAID array controller.
- Sound card: Enables the computer to output sound to audio devices.
Computer software
- Collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.
- Software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in storage of the computer for some purposes.
- Software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms, and its documentation.
- In contrast to hardware, software is intangible.
- Software includes all the various forms and roles that digitally stored data may have and play in a computer.
- Encompasses a wide array of products that may be developed using different techniques.
- System software: provides the basic function for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system.
- Program software: Usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs.
- Application software: Developed to aid in any task that benefits from computation. Broad category and includes many kinds of software including internet browsers.
Digitization: Is it worth it?
- Strict definition might be the conversion of analog media to digital form.
- Digitization equates to digital imaging in the library sector.
- Need to look at costs before assuming that digitization is worth it.
- Other cost factors to look at include: assembling source material, clearing copyright, setting up the machines, checking the quality of the output, post-editing, cataloging the item, delivering the time, managing the project.
- Benefits of digitizing include: increasing access, preservation, and meeting strategic goals.
- Could money spent on digitization projects be spent elsewhere?
- Determine whether digitization projects are worth it on a case by case basis.
European libraries face problems in digitalizing
- European Digital Library (80 organizations), facing problems with funding for enormous task of digitizing material.
- Looking at the benefits of alliances with larger companies like Microsoft and Google.
- Organizations willing to talk with companies, but were striving to protect themselves from public access.
A Few Thoughts on the Google Books Library Project
- "Only by transforming knowledge contained in print to new and easily accessible digital formats can we guarantee its survival."
- Unease surrounds Google's initiative to scan thousands of books in major research libraries and make them available online.
- "Google's initiative will not make books obsolete; it will make the information in them more widely available."
- Internet has made it so we expect information of all kinds to be only a few keystrokes away.
- Great divide separates digitized information and pre-Internet hardcopy material.
- Internet genration reluctant to search for things if can't find it online.
- Book will continue to be a pathway for the transmission of knowledge.
- Project will be the successful transfer of knowledge.
Muddiest point - September 1st
I do not have a muddiest point or any questions following the first class.
September 1st Reading Notes
OCLC report: Information Format Trends: Content, Not Containers
- Examines the "unbundling of content" from traditional containers (books, journals, CDs) and distribution methods (postal mail, resource sharing).
- Top trends
1. Legitimacy of open-source publishing
2. Rapidly expanding economics of microcontent
3. Repurposing of "old" content for new media
4. Multimedia content as service for an array of portable devices
"Information Literacy and Information Technology Literacy: New Components in the Curriculum for a Digital Culture"
- Information technology literacy deals with an understanding of the technology infrastructure that underpins much of today's life.
- Information literacy: deals with content and communication. Content can take many forms: text, images, video, computer simulations, multi-media interactive works.
- Information technology shapes the channels of publication, access and dissemination of information.
- One perspective emphasizes skills in the use of tools: word processing, spreadsheets, basic operation of computers, and basic Internet tools.
- Examines the "unbundling of content" from traditional containers (books, journals, CDs) and distribution methods (postal mail, resource sharing).
- Top trends
1. Legitimacy of open-source publishing
2. Rapidly expanding economics of microcontent
3. Repurposing of "old" content for new media
4. Multimedia content as service for an array of portable devices
"Information Literacy and Information Technology Literacy: New Components in the Curriculum for a Digital Culture"
- Information technology literacy deals with an understanding of the technology infrastructure that underpins much of today's life.
- Information literacy: deals with content and communication. Content can take many forms: text, images, video, computer simulations, multi-media interactive works.
- Information technology shapes the channels of publication, access and dissemination of information.
- One perspective emphasizes skills in the use of tools: word processing, spreadsheets, basic operation of computers, and basic Internet tools.
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